Using public EV charging stations involves a simple four-step process. A driver must park, plug in, authorize payment, and begin charging. While most electric vehicle owners perform their primary charging at home, public charging is essential for the 16% who rely on other methods. Europe’s network is set to double to two million charge points by 2029. Technologiquement avancé Fabricants de chargeurs de VE, such as TPSON, provide the Solutions de recharge pour véhicules électriques making this growth possible. The specifics of using an Chargeur de VE vary, whether it is a fixed charger or one of the many chargeurs portables pour VE, but the fundamental electric charging process remains straightforward.
First, Understand the Types of EV Charging Stations
Before a driver plugs in, they must understand the three main levels of charging available. Each level offers a different speed and is suited for different situations. Knowing the difference ensures an efficient and cost-effective charging experience.
Level 1 Chargers: Slow and Steady
What They Are
Level 1 charging is the most basic method available. This type of charger uses a standard household electrical outlet to power an electric vehicle. It delivers a slow, steady charge with a power output typically ranging from 1.4 kW à 3 kW. This translates to adding approximately 8-10 miles d'autonomie par heure of charging, making it a practical overnight solution.
Where You’ll Find Them
Level 1 chargers are primarily found in residential settings like private homes and garages. They are not common for public charging due to their slow speed. A driver might occasionally find them at a workplace that offers basic charging amenities, but they are not a primary component of the public infrastructure.
Level 2 Chargers (AC): The Public Standard
The Most Common Public Charger
Level 2 is the most prevalent type found at public charging stations. These chargers provide Alternating Current (AC) power, which the electric vehicle’s onboard charger then converts to Direct Current (DC) to store in the battery. Technologically advanced providers like TPSON engineer the reliable Level 2 solutions that form the backbone of this network. Power outputs for a Level 2 charger typically range from 3.7 kW to 22 kW, with 7-11 kW being the most common for public installations.
Charging Speed and Best Use Cases
A Level 2 charger is significantly faster than Level 1, making it ideal for “destination charging.” Drivers use them in locations where they plan to park for an hour or more.
- Workplaces: Topping up during the workday.
- Shopping Centers: Gaining range while running errands.
- Restaurants and Hotels: Charging an electric car overnight or during a meal.
DC Fast Chargers (Level 3): The Quickest Option
The Fastest Way for Electric Car Charging
Chargeurs rapides à courant continu, also known as Level 3, offer the quickest electric car charging experience. They supply high-voltage Direct Current (DC) power straight to the battery, bypassing the car’s slower onboard charger. This method enables rapid charging, with power outputs ranging from 50 kW to an impressive 350 kW at ultra-rapid EV charging stations.
When to Use a DC Fast Charger
A DC fast charger is best for long-distance trips or when a driver needs a significant amount of range in a short time. A 20-40 minute session can often add hundreds of miles. However, performance can vary.
Conseil de pro : Temperature affects DC fast charging speeds. An electric vehicle’s battery management system will slow the charging rate in extreme cold to protect the battery’s chemistry. Similarly, it will limit speed in intense heat to prevent overheating. The station is designed for optimal performance in mild weather.
Match the Connector to Your Car
A successful public charging experience depends on matching the station’s connector to the vehicle’s charging port. While it may seem complex, North America has largely standardized around a few key types. Understanding which one an electric car uses is a fundamental step for every driver.
Identifying Your EV’s Charging Port
An electric vehicle’s charging port is its gateway to power. Drivers must know their specific connector type to select the right charger and begin charging.
The J1772 Connector (AC Charging)
The J1772, or Type 1, connector is the established standard for Level 1 and Level 2 AC charging across North America. Major brands like Ford, Volkswagen, BMW, Hyundai, and Kia equip their electric vehicles with this port. The J1772 plug itself is the upper, circular part of the more common CCS connector, dedicated solely to AC charging.
The Combined Charging System (CCS) Connector
The CCS connector is the most widespread standard for new electric vehicles. It cleverly combines the J1772 port for AC charging with two large pins below it for high-speed DC fast charging. This integrated design allows a driver to use a single port for both slow destination charging and rapid on-the-go charging.
Le connecteur CHAdeMO
CHAdeMO is a DC fast charging connector developed in Japan. It is primarily found on older models from certain manufacturers, most notably the Nissan LEAF. While an effective standard for rapid charging, it is becoming less common on new electric models in the North American market as CCS gains dominance.
The Tesla (NACS) Connector
Tesla developed its own proprietary plug, now called the North American Charging Standard (NACS). This single, compact connector handles both AC and DC charging for Tesla vehicles. Many other automakers have announced plans to adopt this standard, making it increasingly important in the electric vehicle landscape.
Do You Need a Charging Adapter?
Sometimes, a driver will arrive at a station only to find the available charger plug does not match their car’s port. In these situations, a charging adapter is an essential tool.
When You Might Need an Adapter
An EV driver needs an adapter when their vehicle’s connector type is incompatible with the charging station’s plug. This mismatch prevents the physical connection required to start the electric car charging session. Having the right adapter ensures a driver can access a wider range of charging options.
Common Adapter Types
Different scenarios require specific adapters to bridge the gap between the car and the charger. Technologically advanced charger solutions from providers like TPSON often adhere to the most common standards, but adapters provide crucial flexibility.
Common Adapter Scenarios:
- J1772 to Tesla (NACS): Tesla vehicles often include this adapter, allowing them to use any standard Level 2 charger.
- Tesla (NACS) to CCS: A growing number of third-party adapters allow non-Tesla electric vehicles to use Tesla’s Supercharger network.
- CHAdeMO to Tesla (NACS): This adapter allows CHAdeMO-equipped vehicles to access certain Tesla charging stations.
How to Charge Your Electric Car at a Level 2 Station
Level 2 stations are the workhorses of public charging infrastructure. Mastering their use is a key skill for any electric vehicle owner. This guide on how to charge your electric car at a public station breaks the process down into simple, manageable steps.
Step 1: Park and Prepare
Proper preparation before plugging in ensures a smooth and hassle-free charging session. A driver’s first actions set the stage for success.
Positioning Your Vehicle
A driver should first identify the location of their electric vehicle’s charging port. It could be on the front, rear, or side. They must park close enough for the station’s cable to reach the port without being stretched taut. Reversing into a space is often easier than pulling in nose-first, depending on the car and station layout.
Unlocking Your Charging Port
Most electric vehicles require the driver to unlock the car to open the charging port door. Some have a dedicated button on the dashboard or key fob, while others open with a simple push on the flap itself. Once opened, the port is ready to receive the connector for charging.
Step 2: Connect the Cable
With the vehicle in position, the next step is making the physical connection. The type of cable available—tethered or untethered—determines the exact procedure.
Using a Tethered Cable
Most public Level 2 stations have a tethered cable, meaning it is permanently attached to the unit. A driver simply unwraps the cable and plugs the connector firmly into their electric vehicle’s port. A distinct click usually confirms a secure connection. The vehicle or the station will often show a light indicating that the connection is successful and ready for the next step of charging.
Troubleshooting Connection Faults
If charging fails to start, a driver should check for a ‘Connection error’ message on the vehicle’s dashboard. This can indicate a poor connection or a damaged cable. A driver should inspect the connector for discolored insulation or debris and ensure it is fully seated. If the problem persists, moving to another station is the best course of action.
Using Your Own Cable
Less common in public spaces, some Level 2 stations are “untethered” sockets. These require the driver to use their own Type 2 to Type 2 cable (or the appropriate cable for their region). The process involves plugging one end of the cable into the station and the other into the electric car.
Step 3: Authorize Payment and Start Charging
After connecting the cable, a driver must authorize the session. This step initiates the flow of electricity and is typically handled through a network app, a credit card reader, or an RFID card. This is a critical part of the electric car charging process.
Paying with a Network App
Many charging networks, including those using advanced solutions from providers like TPSON, rely on smartphone apps for activation. The process is straightforward:
- Open the network’s app (e.g., PlugShare, ChargePoint, or the Tesla app for its network).
- Locate the specific station on the app’s map, often by entering a station ID number printed on the unit.
- Select the correct connector number.
- Tap the “Start Charging” button in the app to begin the session.
Using a Credit Card Reader
An increasing number of stations are equipped with contactless payment terminals. This method offers great convenience for drivers who may not have the specific network app. A user simply taps their credit card, debit card, or smartphone (using Apple Pay or Google Pay) on the reader to authorize payment and begin the charging process.
Apposition d'une carte RFID
Some drivers prefer to use an RFID card specific to a charging network. These cards are linked to the user’s account. Tapping the card on the designated reader on the station instantly authenticates the user and starts the charging session, bypassing the need to use a smartphone app.
What If Charging Doesn’t Start? Sometimes, a session fails to initiate due to a communication error between the car, the station, and the network. These software-related issues are common but often easy to resolve.
Error Type Display Message Resolution Communication Timeout “Handshake failed” Unplug, wait a moment, and retry the connection. Authentication Fault “Payment declined” Check the payment method in the app and try again. Network Failure “Offline” status The station has lost its internet connection; try another station. If an error persists, a soft reset by unplugging the charger for 30 seconds or contacting the network’s support number can often solve the problem.
Step 4: Monitor and End Your Session
Once the charging session begins, a driver’s final tasks are to monitor the progress and end the session correctly. Proper management ensures the vehicle gets the needed energy and frees up the station for the next user.
Checking Charge Status
Drivers can track their vehicle’s charging progress in several ways. The most immediate method is checking the car’s dashboard display or the screen on the charging station itself. These sources typically show the current battery percentage and estimated time remaining.
For remote monitoring, many drivers use dedicated smartphone applications. Smart chargers, including advanced solutions from providers like TPSON, often have built-in connectivity. This feature sends real-time data to a cloud platform, allowing for remote access. Drivers can use an app to:
- Remotely start, stop, and track charging sessions.
- Receive instant updates on the current charging status and energy usage.
- View real-time data on energy consumption and associated costs.
- Get performance alerts for any potential malfunctions.
This remote capability gives a driver the freedom to leave the vehicle without losing oversight of the charging process.
How to Stop Charging and Unplug
Ending a session properly is crucial for safety and good etiquette. A driver should follow a simple procedure once the vehicle has a sufficient charge.
Conseil de pro : Most electric vehicles have a setting to stop charging at a specific percentage, often 80% or 90%. A driver can use this feature to prevent overcharging and automatically prepare the car for unplugging.
Here is the correct procedure for safely stopping a charge and unplugging:
- Stop the Session: A driver must first end the charging session. They can do this through the same method used to start it, such as tapping the “Stop” button in the network app, using the station’s touchscreen, or swiping their RFID card again.
- Unlock and Unplug: The driver then unlocks the vehicle’s charging port. Most cars require this step to release the lock that holds the connector in place. They can then firmly pull the connector out of the port.
- Stow the Cable: The driver should return the tethered cable to its holder on the station. This action keeps the cable off the ground, preventing damage and tripping hazards. If they used their own cable, they should place it back in their vehicle.
- Move the Vehicle: A driver should move their car from the space as soon as possible. This courtesy makes the station available for the next person needing a charge.
How to Use a DC Fast Charging Station
Using a Chargeur rapide DC is the quickest way to add significant range to an electric vehicle, making it essential for long-distance travel. The process is similar to using a Level 2 station but involves higher power and a few unique considerations. A driver can master this rapid charging method by following a few key steps.
Step 1: Park and Select the Right Connector
Finding the Correct Tethered Cable
DC fast charging stations are always equipped with thick, permanently attached (tethered) cables. These units typically have at least two cables to support different standards, such as CCS and CHAdeMO. A driver must first identify which connector their electric vehicle uses and select the corresponding cable. The heavy nature of these cables means a driver should park close to the unit, ensuring the plug can reach the car’s port without strain.
Ensuring a Secure Connection
A secure physical connection is critical for the high-power communication required for DC fast charging. The driver should plug the connector firmly into the vehicle’s port until it clicks into place. A locking pin will engage to hold the heavy plug securely. A failed connection can prevent the charging session from starting.
Troubleshooting Tip: Why Won’t My DC Charge Start? A “handshake” failure between the car and the charger can occur for several reasons. If charging doesn’t initiate, a driver might check for these common issues:
- Physical Plug Issues: The heavy CCS plug may not be fully inserted, or its weight might pull it slightly out of the socket.
- Dirty Contacts: Debris in the smaller data pins of the connector can block the communication signal.
- Locking Pin Failure: The station’s locking pin might fail to retract, preventing the plug from seating correctly.
- Communication Errors: Problems with the Power Line Communication (PLC) technology, which sends data over the charging cable, can stop the session before it starts.
Step 2: Authorize and Initiate Charging
Following On-Screen Instructions
Once the electric vehicle is connected, the charger’s screen will guide the driver through the next steps. These on-screen prompts are typically clear and straightforward, asking the driver to select a payment method to begin the electric car charging session. The screen will display the status throughout the charging process.
Payment via App, Card, or Plug & Charge
Authorization for DC fast charging works much like Level 2, but with an additional, highly convenient option.
- App or RFID Card: A driver can use the network’s specific mobile app or RFID card to select the charger and start the session.
- Carte de crédit : Many modern charging stations include a contactless terminal for simple tap-to-pay with a credit card or smartphone.
- Plug & Charge: The most seamless method is Plug & Charge. This technology, based on the ISO 15118 standard, automates the entire process. The electric vehicle securely communicates its identity and payment information directly to the charger upon connection. Technologically advanced providers like TPSON engineer solutions compatible with these forward-thinking protocols.
Comment fonctionne Plug & Charge
The ISO 15118 protocol uses digital certificates stored in the electric vehicle to create a secure identity. When a driver plugs in, the charger automatically authenticates the vehicle, verifies the associated payment contract through a secure backend, and begins charging without any manual input from the driver.
Step 3: The 80% Rule for Fast Charging
Understanding how a battery accepts a charge is key to efficient rapid charging. A driver should not plan to charge to 100% at a DC fast charger. The “80% rule” is a guideline that saves both time and money while protecting the vehicle’s battery.
Why Charging Speed Slows Down
An electric vehicle’s battery cannot accept maximum power throughout the entire charging cycle. The rate of charging is represented by a “courbe de charge,” which shows that power delivery is highest when the battery is at a low state of charge. As the battery fills, its internal resistance increases, and the vehicle’s battery management system reduces the charging speed to prevent overheating and cell damage. This tapering effect becomes very noticeable after the battery reaches approximately 80% capacity.
When to Unplug and Move On
The significant slowdown after 80% means the time it takes to charge from 80% to 100% can be as long as it took to charge from 20% to 80%. For this reason, continuing a rapid charging session beyond 80% is inefficient.
Pro Tip: Protect Your Battery Frequent DC fast charging to 100% can accelerate battery degradation over time. The high heat and voltage place stress on the battery cells. For optimal battery longevity, experts recommend:
- Limiting DC fast charging sessions to 80% capacity whenever possible.
- Maintaining a regular state of charge between 20% and 80%.
- Relying on slower AC charging for routine, full charges.
By unplugging at 80%, a driver gets back on the road faster and helps preserve the long-term health of their electric vehicle’s battery.
Step 4: Ending Your Fast Charge Session
A driver’s final actions at a DC fast charger are just as important as the initial steps. Properly ending the session ensures the vehicle is safely disconnected and the station is left ready for the next user. This part of the charging process is simple but requires attention to detail.
Stopping the Charge via the Station or App
Before a driver can unplug the heavy connector, they must first terminate the flow of electricity. The vehicle’s systems lock the connector in place during a high-power charging session for safety. A driver must command the station to stop the session to release this lock.
A user can stop the session using the same method they used to start it:
- Station Interface: Press the “Stop” or “End Session” button on the charger’s touchscreen.
- Application mobile : Open the corresponding network app and tap the command to end the current charging session.
- Carte RFID : Tap the RFID card on the reader a second time to terminate the connection.
Once the station confirms the session has ended, the driver can unlock their car. This action typically signals the vehicle to retract the locking pin, releasing the connector.
Properly Stowing the Heavy Cable
The thick, liquid-cooled cables at DC fast charging stations are heavy and expensive components. A driver has a responsibility to handle them with care. Leaving a cable on the ground creates a serious tripping hazard and exposes the connector to dirt, moisture, and potential damage from being run over.
Best Practices for Cable Handling
Proper cable management protects the equipment and shows courtesy to other EV drivers. A driver should always follow these simple steps.
| Étape | Action | Objectif |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Unplug | Firmly grip the connector handle and pull it straight out from the vehicle’s port. | Safely disconnects the vehicle after the charging session is stopped. |
| 2. Retract | If the cable has a retraction mechanism, guide it back toward the station. | Prevents the cable from snapping back uncontrollably. |
| 3. Holster | Securely place the connector back into its designated holster on the charging unit. | Protects the plug from weather and damage while keeping the area tidy. |
Following this procedure ensures the station remains in good working order. Technologically advanced providers like TPSON design robust charging solutions, but user care is essential for maintaining the public infrastructure. A tidy charging space contributes to a positive experience for the entire EV community.
Finding and Paying for Public Electric Vehicle Charging
An EV driver needs to know how to find and pay for public electric vehicle charging. Locating available charging points and understanding the payment options are essential skills. This knowledge ensures a driver can keep their electric vehicle powered up on any journey.
How to Find EV Charging Stations Near You
Finding nearby charging points is simpler than ever. A driver has several tools at their disposal to locate the right station for their needs. Knowing how to find electric car charging points is a key part of the electric vehicle experience.
Using Your Car’s Built-In Navigation
Most modern electric vehicles come equipped with a built-in navigation system that includes a map of charging points. This integrated tool is often the most convenient option. The system can show nearby stations, and in many cases, it can display real-time availability. Some advanced systems will even precondition the battery as the car approaches a selected DC fast charger, optimizing the charging speed upon arrival.
Top Charging Station Locator Apps
Smartphone apps are a powerful resource for locating charging points. They provide comprehensive details that a car’s navigation might miss. Many apps also facilitate payment, making the entire process seamless.
Top Apps for Finding Charging Points:
- Zap-Map: This popular app offers a detailed map of public charging points. A driver can filter by connector type, network, and payment method. The premium version integrates with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto.
- PlugShare : Known for its extensive global coverage, PlugShare provides a user-friendly map of EV charging stations worldwide. It includes helpful user reviews and photos of the charging points.
- BP Pulse: This app is essential for drivers who frequently use one of the UK’s largest networks. It helps locate BP chargers and allows for in-app payments, with a subscription option for lower rates.
Filtering for the Right Connector and Speed
Using filters is crucial for an efficient search. A driver should always filter results to match their vehicle’s specific needs. Key filters include:
- Type de connecteur : Select CCS, CHAdeMO, or Type 2 to see only compatible stations.
- Vitesse de chargement : Filter for Level 2 (AC) or DC fast charging depending on the required speed.
- Réseau : If a driver has a membership with a specific provider, they can filter to see only that network’s charging points.
How to Pay for Your Charge
Payment methods for public charging vary across different networks and locations. A driver can choose from pay-as-you-go options, network-specific apps, or subscription plans.
Pay-As-You-Go with a Credit Card
Many charging stations now feature contactless credit card readers. This method is the most straightforward for casual users. A driver simply taps their credit or debit card to start and stop the charging session. It offers maximum flexibility without requiring any app downloads or memberships.
Using Charging Network Apps
Most charging networks operate through a dedicated smartphone app. A driver links a payment method to their account within the app. To start a session, they use the app to select the station and authorize the charging. This method often provides detailed session information and receipts. Technologically advanced providers like TPSON engineer solutions that integrate smoothly with these network apps.
Subscription Plans and Memberships
For drivers who rely heavily on public charging, a subscription plan can be cost-effective. Networks like BP Pulse offer memberships that provide access to lower charging rates for a monthly or annual fee.
Comparing Payment Models
A driver must weigh the pros and cons of subscriptions versus pay-per-charge. A subscription offers predictable costs and lower rates, but it comes with a fixed commitment and may limit a driver to a single network.
| Fonctionnalité | Plans d'abonnement | Pay-Per-Charge |
|---|---|---|
| Coût | Lower per-kWh rates but includes a monthly fee. | Higher per-kWh rates but no fixed commitment. |
| Flexibilité | Often limited to a single provider’s network. | Freedom to use any network with a compatible payment method. |
| Meilleur pour | Frequent users of a specific public charging network. | Drivers who primarily charge at home and use public stations occasionally. |
For example, a BP Pulse membership costs £7.85 per month, which reduces the per-kWh rate. A driver must calculate if their usage justifies the annual cost.
What to Expect: Cost, Speed, and Etiquette
A driver’s experience with public charging depends on three key factors: cost, speed, and community etiquette. Understanding these elements helps manage expectations and ensures a smooth process at all charging points.
How Much Does Public Charging Cost?
The question of “how much does it cost to charge an electric car” has a variable answer. Pricing structures differ between networks and charger types.
Pricing per Kilowatt-Hour (kWh)
The most common pricing model bills users for the amount of energy delivered to the electric vehicle. For public Level 2 charging, costs typically range from $0.20 to $0.30 per kilowatt-hour. DC fast charging is generally more expensive, costing between $0.30 and $0.60 per kWh due to the higher power and infrastructure costs.
Pricing per Minute
Some networks, particularly for rapid charging, bill by the minute. This model charges for the time the vehicle is connected to the charger, regardless of the energy consumed. It incentivizes drivers of cars that charge quickly.
Frais de session et frais d'inactivité
Networks may add a flat fee to start a session or impose idle fees. It is always advisable to check for idle fees, as many networks add charges if a vehicle remains plugged in after charging is complete.
- They are charged when a car remains connected after its battery is full.
- Their goal is to encourage users to unplug and free up the charger.
- They help maximize the availability of charging points for everyone.
How Long Does Electric Car Charging Take?
The question of “how long does it take to charge an electric car” depends on several factors. The charger’s power output and the vehicle’s capabilities are the most significant.
Facteurs affectant la vitesse de chargement
An electric vehicle’s battery charges more slowly in cold weather. Lithium-ion batteries function best between 20°C et 25°C. In colder temperatures, the battery’s internal chemistry slows down, reducing its ability to accept a charge and extending the overall charging time.
Estimated Times for Level 2 vs. DC Fast Chargers
A Level 2 charger can take several hours to fully charge an electric vehicle, making it ideal for overnight stays. In contrast, a 50 kW rapid charging unit can take an EV to 80% in about 30 à 60 minutes. Ultra-rapid 150 kW+ chargers can often do the same in 15 to 30 minutes.
| Type de chargeur | Typical Charge Time (20-80%) |
|---|---|
| 50kW (Rapid Charger) | 30-60 minutes |
| 150kW+ (Ultra-Rapid Charger) | 10-30 minutes |
Étiquette de base en matière de charge
Good etiquette at EV charging stations ensures a positive experience for the entire community. Following a few simple rules makes public charging better for all drivers.
Don’t Park in an EV Spot if You’re Not Charging
A charging spot is for active electric car charging only. Drivers of gasoline cars should never park in these bays. Likewise, an electric vehicle driver should not use the spot for parking if they do not intend to charge.
Déplacez votre voiture une fois le travail terminé
Once a vehicle is sufficiently charged, the driver should move it. This courtesy frees up the charging points for the next person. Overstaying your welcome, especially at busy charging stations, is poor form.
Garder la zone de recharge en ordre
A driver should always return the charging cable to its holster after use. Leaving cables on the ground creates a tripping hazard and can damage the expensive equipment. A tidy space contributes to a better experience for all users of the public charging infrastructure.
A driver’s confidence at ev charging stations grows with experience. The public charging process is fundamentally simple. Most charging stations require a driver to follow a universal sequence. Mastering the use of any charger involves four key actions:
- Park the vehicle correctly.
- Plug the connector in securely.
- Pay to authorize the session.
- Power up the battery.
With a little practice, any driver can navigate their electric adventures with ease, charging like a professional wherever they go.
FAQ
Peut-on recharger une voiture électrique sous la pluie en toute sécurité ?
Yes, charging an electric vehicle in the rain is completely safe. EV chargers and connectors are designed with robust weatherproofing to prevent electrical shorts. A driver can confidently plug in their vehicle regardless of the weather conditions.
What should a driver do if a charging station is broken?
A driver finding a faulty station should first try another unit if one is available. They should also report the issue to the network operator using the contact number on the station or through the app. This action helps get the charger fixed for future users.
Why do some DC fast chargers have two different cables?
DC fast chargers often have two cables to support different charging standards, such as CCS and CHAdeMO. A driver must select the cable with the connector that matches their vehicle’s specific DC charging port to initiate a session.
Does frequent DC fast charging damage the battery?
Consistently using DC fast chargers can accelerate battery degradation over time due to high heat and voltage. For optimal battery health, a driver should rely on slower AC charging for daily needs and reserve rapid charging for long trips.
Quelle est la différence entre un chargeur connecté et un chargeur non connecté ?
- Tethered: The charging cable is permanently attached to the station. A driver simply plugs the attached connector into their car.
- Untethered: The station is a socket only. A driver must use their own portable cable to connect their vehicle to the charging point.
Can a driver use any charging network with any EV?
A driver can use most networks if their car has a compatible connector and they have a valid payment method. However, some networks require a specific app or membership. Technologically advanced providers like TPSON engineer solutions that support open standards for wider accessibility.
